APA Citation Style

Follow these examples of APA Style by type of source:

• Audiovisual Works:
  • TV show
  • VHS/ DVD/ BluRay
  • TED Talk
• Visual Works:
  • PowerPoint slides or lecture notes
  • Infographic
• Conference session
• Webinar
• Legal documents (Acts, Court Cases, Hearings, Regulations, etc.) 

APA 7th edition rules: TV show

• Apply rules for audiovisual works
• Include writers and directors for the episode being cited
• Use time stamps for in-text citations for directly quoting the world
• Provide the season and episode number in parentheses after the title 
• After the season/episode number, list the description of the work being cited in brackets in the title element
• List those responsible for their work in the author element
  • Put roles in parentheses 

Reference page:

In-text:

Dolinsky and Alexander’s (1968) work . . . .    OR    . . . . (Dolinsky & Alexander, 1968).

See pp. 273-274, 342-343 in the APA Publication Manual

APA 7th edition rules: VHS, DVD, & BluRay

• Provide the primary contributors such as producer and/or director.
  • Put roles in parentheses 
• This information is found in the credits or on http://www.imdb.com

Reference page:

Gillespie, M. (Producer), & Ashworth, S. (Director). (2000). Faces of reality [DVD]. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission.

In-text:

In the video Faces of Reality* produced by Gillespie and directed by Ashworth (2000) . . . .    OR    . . . . (Gillespie & Ashworth, 2000)

*varies on the journal or assignment requirements

See pp. 273-274, 342-343 in the APA Publication Manual

APA 7th edition rules: TED Talk

• If citing the TED Talk from the TED Talk official website, list the name of the speaker as the author
• If citing the TED Talk from YouTube, cite the owner of the account as the author
  • record the speaker's name at the beginning of the title element followed by a colon. The name should also be italicized in the title element

Reference page:

In-text:

Genova discussed two typical types of memory failures . . . . (TED, 2021)  

OR 

TED (2021) invited neuroscientist Lisa Genova to discuss memory...

See pp. 343-344 in the APA Publication Manual

APA 7th edition rules: PowerPoint Slides

• Treat course packs and lectures posted online as published material. Treat your own lecture notes as Personal Communication
• Check with your instructor before using course materials.
• If the course materials come from a learning management system (LMS), list the LMS in the source element
  • Follow the LMS name (e.g. Canvas, Blackboard Learn) with an @
  • List the login URL in the source element
• If the material being cited consists of lecture notes, create a description of the notes in the title element

Reference page:

In-text:

Patterson (2009) explains . . . . (Slide 5)    OR   . . . . (Patterson, 2009, Slide 5)

See p. 347 in the APA Publication Manual

APA 7th edition rules: Infographic

• Use the format for citing a work and not for reproducing the infographic

Reference page:

In-text:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (n.d.), infographic states that . . . . (para. 2)     

OR

 . . . . (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d., para. 2).

See pp. 346-347 in the APA Publication Manual

APA 7th edition rules: Conference session

• Italicize the title and follow with Conference session in brackets
• The dates should align with the dates of the conference
• Include the location of the conference 

Reference page:

In-text:

Nussbeck et al. (2016) during the conference. . . . (p. 223).    OR    . . . (Nussbeck et al., 2016, p. 223).

See p. 332 in the APA Publication Manual

APA 7th edition rules: Webinar

• Recorded and retrievable Webinars follow this format
• Unrecorded webinars are cited as personal communication
• Include Webinar in brackets after the title in the title element
• To quote directly from a recorded webinar and lecture include time stamps

Reference page:

In-text:

Koym (2021) explains that RefWorks. . . . (00:07:36).    OR    . . . (Koym, 2021, 00:07:36).

See pp. 264, 341-344 in APA Publication Manual

APA 7th edition rules: Legal documents

• The APA defers citation of Canadian legal documents to the “latest edition” (p. 216) of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, which is now in its 19th edition (2010).  This book is available in the Vera Bracken Library’s Reference Collection (Call #: KF 245 B58 2010). 

• If you need to cite American legal documents, refer to The BlueBook: A Uniform System of Citation.
  • For variations from The Bluebook refer to Chapter 11 Legal References 

Consolidated Statutes examples:

Canada Evidence Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-5.

Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s.231(6) (Can.).

Police Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. P-17 (Alta.).

Alberta Human Rights Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. A-25.5

In-text: According to the Criminal Code (1985) ... 

*Include the province or country if it is not obvious from the context.

Cases examples:

*The format varies depending on the type of reporter (Supreme Court Reports, Ontario Reports, Ontario Appeals Cases, etc.) in which the case appears. See pp. 298-299 of the Bluebook for more examples and a list of abbreviations.

Chase v. Campbell, [1962] S.C.R. 425 (Can.). 

Toronto Police Association v. Toronto Police Commissioners Board, [1982] 1 S.C.R. 451 (Can.).

Cases from CanLII.org (use CanLII's own citation system):

Edmonton Police Service v. Alberta (Information and Privacy Commissioner), 2009 ABQB 593 (CanLII).

Mutual Fund Dealers Association (Re), 2004 CanLII 66157 (AB SEC).